Countdown to Euro Dissolution
12/17/11 Allow me to give you an historical prospective from November through December of 2011 and we’ll work forward from there. On Tuesday the 8th of November,Dougie Kass, famed money manager with Seabreeze Partners indicated that the S&P “…Will rally 5.1% through the end of the year as European policy makers work to solve the debt crisis and U.S. economic data improve.” The Dow closed up 101 points that day. On the following Wednesday the markets sold off 388 points due to uncertainty regarding leadership in Greece and Italy. This situation triggered selling in the Italian BOT otherwise known as the “Buoni Ordenari del Tesoro”. Loosely translated this phrase means “ordinary bonds of the treasury” in Italian. Bots are short term paper with maturities up to 365 days sold at a discount to maturity like our zero coupon bonds. Italian debt yields rose above 7% from 2 year through 10 year maturities. The three year and the five year yielded more than the ten year.
On the 11th of November Greece PM Papendreou steps down and Lucas Papademos is appointed PM. Papademos has assured the EuroStates that an affirmation of their commitments will be made by year-end. The new government in Greece needs to affirm in writing their commitment to the demands of the 17 euro member states made on October 27th. Without signed documents there is no way Greece will receive the next loan tranche or bailout funds it desperately needs (8 billion Euros). Troika sources told the Kathimerini (Greek newspaper) that the text to be put before the Greek officials has yet to be drafted but will include a commitment to the terms of the current memorandum of understanding between Athens and its lenders. On November 25th Samaras, the new democracy leader, was said to have sent a note indicating a willingness to make the needed affirmations thus paving the way for release of funds from the Eurozone.
Silvio Berlusconi Italy’s PM resigned Saturday November 12th, ending his 17 year reign. The aforementioned BOT’S selloff paved the way for the resignation after borrowing rates on the Italian bonds soared causing other euro zone countries to seek bailouts. Italy came close to a full scale financial emergency that week after yields on 10-year bonds soared over 7.6 per cent, levels which forced Ireland, Portugal and Greece to seek an international bailout (Al Jazeera). Berlusconi pledged to step down after the Italian Parliament approved austerity measures sought by the European Union. Meanwhile an extemporaneous orchestra and choir played the “Hallelujah” chorus from Handel’s “Messiah,” outside the presidential palace. Italy has a debt the size of Germany but has an economy a third its size. It’s growth-hobbling debt is second only to Greece among euro zone members. On November 13th, Mario Monti, economist and former European Commissioner succeeded Berlusconi. In December, Italian PM Monti introduced a package of spending cuts and tax increases which appears very ambitious. Monti is also proposing an increase in the retirement age.
Spain meanwhile, saw its growth slump to zero in the third quarter of 2011 and most economists see another recession on the horizon. PM Mariano Rajoy is sworn in on December 21st.(Reuters) Spain has an additional problem in that there is no clarity in the banking sector relative to how it will deal with its non-performing assets. These non-performing assets are due to real estate loans, unsellable real estate and a total collapse of the property market.
Volatility Blues
The market in 2011 will go into the history books as one of the most volatile markets ever. The Dow finished the year up 5.5% while the Nasdaq closed down 1.8% and the S&P ended nearly flat up 0.37%. The major averages began their rally in April and by the 29th were up 8%, only to see a fall of 17% by October. The market did not rally 5.1% as predicted by Doug Kass from November but rallied about 1.34%. Attached below is a chart showing the volatility just from November through December.

If one were to compare just the range of closing prices on the Dow, one would find a price swing of 470 points in December and 864 points in November ! All this volatility can make investing difficult and risky. My next blog will outline some strategies one should consider in minimizing such risks.
The next Euro summit is in March. Collectively, nothing has really been decided. Germany has vetoed any semblance of joint responsibility for sovereign debts. Neither has Germany accepted a Eurobond passage nor backed an ESM(european stability mechanism) expansion and joint guarantee. I doubt the upcoming summit will yield adequate debt reduction expectations by Germany.
Hedgefund Extortion
“So where are we now,” one may ask? Well, remember when banks that were a part of the IIF(Institute of International Finance) last year agreed to a 50% haircut or reduction of their Greek bond-holdings (October,2011)? No progress on the particulars of the refinancing thus far. It is not likely that many hedge funds will voluntarily take the offer and have been adding to their holdings of Greek debt. Reuters estimates that 20 to 25% of Greece’s creditors remain unidentified. My understanding is that at least half of that number is said to belong to hedge funds. Greece has to have their new round of bailout money by March 20th, when about 14.5 billion Euro bonds come due. It will take weeks to get the paperwork done so I look for February 15th give or take a few days to be pivotal. Troika needs about 80% of bond holders to take the deal. IIF is now hoping 60% of bondholders will take the deal down from 90%. If the 60% number is accurate, it may not be enough to warrant payout of the second bailout package to Greece. Here is the key to understanding all of this. Hedge funds bought these bonds at steep discounts and bought default insurance (CDS’s) at the same time. If they force a credit event, their insurance pays off. Since they own only 10-15% of the outstanding bonds they might be paid 100% on the dollar to entice them to go along with proposed offer. Bloomberg reported Tuesday (Jan 17, 2012 3:02pm cst) that Greece was nearing a deal with private creditors that would give them cash and securities with a market value of about 32 cents per Euro. In other words, that means the private investors would get a haircut of 68% instead of the previous 50% according to Bruce Richards, hedge fund manager on the creditor committee. Richards is the chief executive officer for the New York based Marathon Asset Manager LP. What this means is that everyone gets 32,000 euros in the new bonds for every 100,000 redeemed. The hedge funds may get 100,000 euros for every bond redeemed no matter the deep discount they may have bought them at plus 32,000 euro worth of the new bonds. Regardless, I still firmly believe serious obstacles to an agreement remain.
For those not aware, the ECB is not a lender of last resort for the Euro zone. The ECB bought bonds of distressed countries last year in order to ease selling pressure, at the behest of top German central bankers Axel Weber (former Bundesbank chief) and ECB chief economist Jurgen Stark. Stark later stepped down in protest to the bond buying program, saying the ECB had compromised their cherished independence.
The ECB is forbidden to finance the budgets of member states. German finance minister Wolfgang Schauble told parliament last year that it would “… Do everything necessary to combat the dangers for the stability of the Euro as a whole. “But only in such a way to ensure that the common (euro)currency remains a stable currency….a stable currency with an independent central bank and a central bank that is not available to finance states”. (The Local, Germany’s news in English 11/22/11).
Austerity measures will only exacerbate current economic problems as it has in Greece, Spain, Portugal and France. Some reforms are needed but raising taxes in the midst of a “no growth” atmosphere will only make matters worse and Europe is already near recession.
The Eurozone is in trouble and its problems have been many years in the making. Excessive government spending and excessive government debt along with slow GDP growth means the Euro will continue its decline against the Dollar, Yen and other major currencies. What we have here is insolvency of various countries and banks. If something doesn’t change, Germany will end up funding Greek, Portugal and French debt. The debt of these PIIG nations is growing faster than their respective growth rates.
It is prudent for a country to have ample time to restructure their debt. Assuming such, one can then decide how to structure maturities, and then decide what cuts can and must be made. One avoids making hasty decisions that can later plague a country’s future growth prospects. Greece is a case in point. They had no plan and will not be able to make their March bond payments. There will be a default of some type very shortly. Greece’s fate is bleak whether it defaults and reverts to the Drachma or remains in the Euro zone. Italy also has its share of problems but at least the bulk of their debt does not need to be rolled over anytime soon.
Here Is The Bottom Line
The euro zone countries are drowning in debt and can’t sell bonds at attractive or sustainable rates. There is little to no growth which makes it difficult to grow GDP to pay down debt. They cannot issue their own currency in order to improve exports. They can only make cuts. Therefore, I am recommending shorting the Euro against the Dollar. Rather than using an etf (exchange traded fund) such as “EUO” as I have advocated in the past, I am suggesting either shorting the CurrencyShares Euro Trust etf “FXE” or using January 2014 options as an alternative. The proposed strategy is essentially a synthetic short. This strategy is similar to the collar trades we have done in the past with the exception that the stock is not bought. This is an unlimited profit, unlimited risk options trading strategy that is taken when the options trader is bearish on the underlying security but seeks an alternative to short selling the stock. In this strategy unlike shorting the stock, there is no need to borrow the stock, no need to wait for an uptick and you pay no dividends on the stock you short.
When the Euro made its all-time high in July 2008 ($1.60) against the dollar, “”FXE” coincidently made its all-time high of $155.00. “FXE” yesterday closed At $129.16 and the March Euro Fx futures finished at $1.29. Historically, the euro has averaged about $1.20 versus the US dollar. The euro/dollar exchange rate currently is about $0.10 – $0.12 higher than the average and mixing in the other variables I put the downside risk at about 20% and a possible 2 to 1 return on the upside.
January of 2014 is the farthest we can extend this trade. To implement your synthetic short option trade: Sell “to open” one January 2014 $130 call, and buy “to open” one January 2014 $130 put for each 100 shares of “FXE” you’d like to short. The $130 calls yesterday were bid $7.50 -$9.20 and the $130 puts we’re bid at $11.15 to $12.95. At yesterday’s prices, a single synthetic spread would cost you $545.00
This strategy is risky. Anytime you are short an option or stock it entails risk, but if you think the dollar will strengthen against the euro in the next two years, this could be a very profitable trade. For this trade to not work I would expect one of the weaker euro zone members to depart or for the ECB to become the “lender of last resort” or if Germany were to decide to suddenly endorse the backing of Euro bonds, all of which seems highly unlikely.
Those wanting to mitigate upside exposure might consider purchasing the January 2014 $140 call options. The price is about $6.33 or $633 per contract representing 100 shares of “FXE”. I would suggest purchasing one half of your position i.e. if you sold ten calls and bought ten puts, buy five call options.
Because of the length of this blog, commentary on gold, crude oil and related stocks i.e.,$CRZO,$COP,$SLW,$POT$AUY and new income strategies will follow this weekend. Don’t be in a hurry to place this synthetic option trade. The euro bloc will probably release information claiming to be close to an agreement. Don’t beleive it. $FXE will rally on the alledged news. It will just increase the call option we will sell and make the put cheaper that we will be buying.





